Chamberlain overshadows the 20th Maine in the way that George S. Patton overshadows the U.S. Third Army in World War II. Mustered out June 5, 1865. The next day, July 1, Heth headed toward Gettysburg with four brigades of infantry to drive off the reported Union troopers and secure the town. The valorous defense of Little Round Top will always belong to the 20th Maine Infantry and to Joshua L. Chamberlain as the regimental commander. After many battles, companies might be combined because so many men were killed or wounded. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, IV Corps, Army of the Potomac, to May . Pettigrew withdrew his troops and then reported back to Heth. Altogether, 1,621 men served in the regiment, of whom 293 died (146 . mortally, shot in throat and vertebrae, died July 5, buried east Col. Chamberlain was soon put in command of a brigade and in 1865 was promoted to Brigadier General and later put in command by Ulysses S. Grant of all Union troops during the surrender of the Confederates. The men took up a position in a ravine east of Little Round Top. Had the 20th Maine retreated from the hill, the entire Union line would have been flanked, endangering and hurting other Union regiments in the vicinity. The 21st Regiment, Maine Infantry was organized at Augusta, and was mustered in October 13, 1862. In doing so, Chamberlain exercised effective battle command. to Research and Current Projects, Source: Second Lieutenant, Warren L. Kendall, Belfast. Gen. John Buford, who had dismounted and deployed his cavalry on McPhersons Ridge, west of Gettysburg. Confederate General Ewells failure to carry out his orders and attack Cemetery Hill on the afternoon of July 1 wasted a golden opportunity for a quick, decisive victory. Army. Late in the afternoon of July 2, 1863, on a boulder-strewn hillside in southern Pennsylvania, Union Colonel Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain dashed headlong into history, leading his 20th Maine Regiment in perhaps the most famous counterattack of the Civil War. Chamberlain had orders to shoot the mutineers if they refused duty. Henry W. Slocums XII Corps and Daniel Sickles III Corps. The 2nd Maine Infantry Regiment (also known as the Second Maine Regiment, Second Maine Infantry, or The Bangor Regiment) was a Union Army unit during the American Civil War.It was mustered in Bangor, Maine, for two years' service on May 28, 1861, and mustered out in the same place on June 9, 1863.. Five of the ten companies of the regiment were raised in Bangor, including a Gymnasium Company . Muster Roll of 20th Maine . Come on boys! Men often enlisted in a company recruited in the counties where they lived though not always. Second Lieutenant James H. Stanwood, wounded, leg. and Albert L. Spencer, Bangor, battery C, ist Mass. Corporal Waterhouse became the regiments first casualty when he was wounded in the foot. Roster. Laforrest P. True, Clinton, John Reed, Jr., Eustis. Captain Nichols wrote in 1882 that Company K never hesitated. 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment Battles Casualties Battle of Antietam Blackford's Ford Virgina Cold Harbor Five Forks Fredericksburg Gettysburg Petersburg Spotsylvania Court House Wilderness. But Chamberlain recovered and returned to the army by the end of the year, serving until the end of the war. (Chamberlain himself claimed later to have said, yes, sir, in a moment! The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors database lists 3,600 men on its roster for this unit. He was a graduate of West Point and recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions during the First Battle of Bull Run. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Arad H. Linscott;Co. G, 2nd Lieut. If your ancestor was a Union soldier, he may have been part of the U.S. Regulars, a unit of the United States Army though most Civil War soldiers served in a volunteer regiment raised by his home state, for example the 11th Virginia Volunteer Infantry or the 4th Maine Volunteer Infantry. Williard W. Buxton. mortally, shot in left lung, died July 24, buried 6th Corps John J. Pullen, The Twentieth Maine: A Volunteer Regiment in the Civil War, Dayton, Ohio: Morningside House, 1984. ; John Stockman, Oldtown, wagon master; Includes battles in which the regiment participated, the names of those killed in action and the deaths of other . Horace Wright Correspondence - 1st Maine Regiment, 1st Maine Cavalry. Record of Capt. Ref. Elbridge, Nichols David, Robinson Albert, Smith Joshua, Wilson Wilmot, July 8. Roster of the 20th Maine Regiment Association[. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Help Save 820 Acres at Five Virginia Battlefields, Save 343 Acres at FIVE Battlefields in FOUR Western Theater States, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield. George W. Buck, Linneus, promoted on the field, from Private. After many battles, companies might be combined because so many men were killed or wounded. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Lafayette M. Crosby, Exact statistics are difficult to discern, but estimates put the number of Maine men who died in Civil War service at about 9,400. The 133rd Engineer Battalion of the Maine Army National Guard and the United States Army today carries on the lineage and traditions of the 20th Maine. No. Bufords forces fired first, temporarily halting Heths force and starting the Battle of Gettysburg. This page was last edited on 5 December 2022, at 20:47. 16 p. E475.56.C52. Then a pistol aimed and fired by a Southern officer misfired only a few feet from Chamberlains face. To his utter chagrin, Warren found Little Round Top completely undefended. Maine Infantry Regiment, 20th (1862-1865) Samuel L. Miller, 1893 - United States - 28 pages. Colonel Chamberlain joined the First Division for the fight and loses another horse shot from underneath him. His They were farmers, shop clerks, woodsman, and seaman. Major General J.E.B. The 20th Regiment, Maine Infantry was organized at Portland, and mustered in August 29, 1862. The 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry was a three-year regiment that fought with the Army of the Potomac. Company K probably did not delay since the right side of the regiment was not experiencing heavy fire at the time. They were all very helpful and informative in their role as "honor guard" for the exhibit. Attached to, Two men froze to death in their tent as four inches of snow fell. While most Civil War regiments were created with men from one geographical region, the 20th Regiment Infantry, Maine Volunteers was formed in August 1862 to absorb the overflow of volunteers. George W. Reynolds, Sidney, Albert M, Clark, Waterville. Stevens, Jeremiah C, Sidney, Shaw, Resolvo, Waterville. The 20th Maine marched from Appomattox, Virginia, on May 2, reaching the national capital at Washington, D.C., on May 12, where the remaining original members were mustered out of service on June 4, 1865, with the remainder of the regiment leaving the federal service on July 16. United States Regiments & Batteries > Maine. Total 440. Without Morrills up-front leadership, Chamberlains attack probably would have been spoiled and pushed back. The regiment wasmoved to Quarantine Hill, while Colonel Ames wastransferred to General Meades staff at Corps Headquarters. Major Spear brevetted lieutenant colonel of volunteers for gallant and distinguished serves at Peebles Farm, Brevet Colonel Spear was promoted to full colonel, Regiment mustered out under Colonel Spear. First Lieutenant, Thomas D. Chamberlain, act'g Adjt. I swear the men will shoot him the first battle we are in.". The Confederates managed to exploit weaknesses in the Federals deployment, and their attacks caused heavy losses to the Union troops, who were forced to retreat. Recruits transferred to 20th Maine Infantry 2023 Steve A. Hawks . When the Army of the Potomacs commander, Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, belatedly became aware of the Confederates movement, he began to force-march his army north, trying to keep Lee to the west and screen Washington from the Rebel troops. Captain Samuel T. Keene, wounded, side, severely. First Lieutenant, William W. Morrell, Brunswick. Dexter True, 2nd Maine Cavalry. It is believed the wound was eventually responsible for Chamberlains death, 50 years later in 1914. First Lieutenant Arad H. Linscott, wounded; died July 27, 1863. Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. Bangor, battery C, ist Mass. First Lieutenant, Holman S. Melcher, Topsham. The regiment wasreduced to around 400 men. [1]. Abner R. Small summed up the war well when he wrote in a letter to a friend, "War and heroes sound well in history but the reality is known to but the few that survive the strife.". The regiment saw limited action at the battles of Antietam in Maryland, and Fredericksburg . Compiled It was not until Gettysburg that the armies met in a full-scale fight. With the new information from Nichols, Chamberlain ordered a right-angle formation, extending his line farther to the east. Hall, Isaac C, Freedom, Hill, William E., Bumham. Bangor, battery C, ist N. Y. Captain, Ellis Spear, acting Field Officer. Both sides sent dispatches to inform their superiors of the confrontation. Because Sickle's Third Corps failed to take its assigned position at the left end of the Union line, after the Confederate attack began, four regiments of Vicent's Brigade, including the 20th Maine moved into position at Little Round Top. Gettysburg, and Descriptive rolls of the 2nd and 20th ME and personal When their ammunition had almost run out, Chamberlain decided to fix bayonets and charge down into the two Alabama regiments. Arad Thompson, Livermore, Charles A. Knapp, Rumford. Maine. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. Some take his deeds out of context, however, and mythologize him. Serving as a rear guard, the 20th Mainewas one of the last regiments back across the Rapahnnock. . The 34-year-old Chamberlain was one of the most interesting figures in the Civil War. A. Davis, Warren, Eben F. Manchester, Windham, and Ambrose Whitcomb, Norton, Hiram, Solon, Rankins, William, Waterville. Twenty-five-year-old Color Sgt. Today, we're pleased to welcome guest author Anthony Trusso. United States. Others who merited more credit than they received were Gouverneur Warren, who conducted one of the best reconnoitering jobs of the war, and Strong Vincent, who unhesitatingly put his brigade on Little Round Top and rallied that brigade under intense fire until he fell mortally wounded. Chamberlain claimed there was no hesitation and said that the line quivered for the start. See p. 1222 (1 photocopied page) for a concise summary of the regiment's service. Recruits transferred to 20th Maine Infantry. Oliver L., mortally w*d; died July 11. Edwards, Abial H. Later, when Sickles infantry did arrive, the controversial general moved his men, without orders, westward toward the Emmitsburg Road. This page has been viewed 5,022 times (0 via redirect). The 20th Maine had been organized under President Abraham Lincolns second call for troops on July 2, 1862. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Charles W. Jackins, Bangor, The 20th Regiment, Maine Infantry was organized at Portland, and mustered in August 29, 1862. He was convinced that only the tenacity of the 358 Maine men had enabled Chamberlain to defeat Oates two Alabama regiments. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. The war had a profound affect on many soldiers and transition back into civilian life was not always easy. Strong Vincent, Patrick ORorke and Ellis Spear also deserve greater recognition for their contributions. Cunningham Warren, Dickinson, James, Flagg Orlando, Foss Job, Herscomb At the Wilderness, May 6, 1864, as a part of Webb's Brigade, Gibbon's Division, Hancock's (2d) Corps, the 20th was heavily engaged on the Plank road losing Maj. Abbott and 35 officers and men killed or mortally wounded. Colonel Ames, who attempted to turn the untrained volunteers into an effective regiment, was respected by the troops -- but not liked. They mustered out August 25, 1863, with expiration of term. Instead of shooting them, Chamberlain wisely distributed the 2nd Maine veterans evenly to fill out the 20th Maines ranks and integrate experienced soldiers among the untested 20th Maine. Chamberlain, for his part, wrote incorrectly to his wife that his regiment had been attacked by a whole brigade. Being primarily farmers and lumbermen before they enlisted, most of the men had no military background, but many were used to hard work and surviving in an often unforgiving environment, were familiar with firearms and had the benefit of having volunteered for service. This Civil War regiment fought in dozens of engagements from 1862 to 1865, including the Battles of Shepherdstown, the Wilderness, and Appomattox Court House, and are known for the bayonet charge by which they defended Little Round Top at Gettysburg. But, using the classic element of surprise, Captain Morrills Company B rose up from behind a stone wall and fired a volley into the Confederates rear, breaking the will of the enemy troops. 1866 Maine Adjutant General's Report, appendix D. Final One story is that he screamed: Bayonet! He deployed Company B, recruited from Piscataquis County and commanded by level-headed Captain Walter G. Morrill of Williamsburg, forward to the regiments left front flank as skirmishers. Second Lieutenant Warren L. Kendall, killed. Pennsylvania native Brig. According to Confederate Colonel Oates, it was the surprise fire of Company B that caused the disastrous panic in his soldiers. Later in life, Chamberlain wrote that his regiment was the first in line, but it actually took up its position last, curving its line back around to the east and forming the Union Armys extreme left flank. ; Henry H. Butler, The Twentieth Maine was assembled as if by destiny. George H. Moulton, Lagrange, William H. Owen, Milo, Charles E. Bowker, Orrington battery L, ist Ohio. Answering that question adequately requires taking another look at the Battle of Gettysburg and the hell-raising fighting that occurred among the scattered stones of Little Round Top. The Wikipedia article, 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, (accessed 6 July 2012). Chamberlain declined, saying that he would like to learn the position first and took the rank of lieutenant colonel instead. Out of a total enlistment of 1,621 men, nine officers and 138 enlisted men were killed or mortally wounded and one officer and 145 enlisted men died of disease, for a total of 293 lost. They came from coastal Maine, from central and western Maine. It was not, Chamberlain noted, one of the states favorite fighting units No county claimed it; no city gave it a flag; and there was no send-off at the station. Twentieth Regiment Infantry, Maine Volunteers, showing the changes which have taken place from December 1st, 1863, date of the return published in Adjutant General's Report for 1863, to . Dawes, Calvin, Cumberland, Foss, Washington, Comville. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Spear was brevetted colonel for faithful and meritorious service, 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 5th Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, 5th Army Corps, Organized at Portland and mustered in under Colonel Adelbert Ames and Lieutenant Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain, Left State for Alexandria, Va. ster quartermaster's dept. During the battle, he brutally kills a Confederate soldier in hand-to-hand combat. Portland, ME: Lakeside, 1889. U. S.; William P. Harvey, Bangor, battery C, ist Mass. Elements of Hoods division, the 15th and 47th Alabama, then began to smash into the Maine troops. Corporal Vincent W. Pinhom, wounded, hip. This page has been viewed 5,021 times (0 via redirect). Cartersville, GA: Eastern Digital Resources, 1998. from December 1st, 1863, date of the return published in Adjutant Lee, and John H. Wentworth, Veazie, battery C, ist N. Y.; John E. Carl- 5th U. S. Sergeants: Reuel Thomas, Thomaston, special orderly for Colo- On Special Duty or Detached Service: Crosby N. Crocker, team- The mutineers were not just soldiers but also Chamberlains childhood neighbors. variety of Sources, consult Desjardin's book for further details. Hood ordered these regiments, led by Colonel William C. Oates, to find the Union left, turn it and capture Round Top. But did Chamberlain really deserve the credit he received? The winter was spent near Stevensburg. For more information on the history of this unit, see: The Civil War Archive section, 20th Regiment Infantry, (accessed 30 May 2012). Much of the primary information about Little Round Top does come directly from Chamberlain, who published 25 separate writings on the battle. Recruits transferred to 20th Maine Infantry. Joshua Chamberlain deserves much acclaim, but not to the exclusion of many others whom history has so far and so unfairly underrated. Chamberlain seemed to have been blessed with both good timing and luck. Or, to put it another way, did he deserve all the credit? [1]. Duty at Ball's Cross Roads until June 5. Durham, regimental bugler; Erastus C. Anderson, Rockland, cattle guard; Join us online July 24-26! . John Reed Jr., 1st Serg. When Chamberlain went to the Governor of Maine to acquire a commission in the Army, the Governor offered him the rank of Colonel. 1863. Colonel Patrick ORorke was also one of the heroes, as his 140th New York reinforced Vincents brigade and saved it from early defeat. Gen. John W. Gearys division was aligned just north of the hill and was the largest Union force in the immediate area. 20th Maine, Company G . The unit was unable to participate in the Battle of Chancellorsville in April-May 1863, due to a quarantine prompted by a tainted smallpox vaccine that had been issued to the unit's soldiers. Price) 23rd TN Infantry Co C. 24th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, Co. G., Duck River Rifles (hosted at Duck River Rifles) 37th Tennessee Infantry Regiment. -Major; William H. Chamberlain, Sewall M. Cowan, Ban- The regiment is honored by a . The regiment initially fielded a total complement of 1,621 men, but by the time of the Battle of Gettysburg the stress of campaigning had reduced the regiments ranks to some 266 soldiers, and the 20th was considered a weak link in Vincents brigade. Tarbell, Erastus, Clinton, Sylvester, Ira R., Freedom. However if you are unsure which company your ancestor was in, try the company recruited in his county first. Second Lieutenant, Joseph Fuller, 2d, Brunswick. Warren L. Kendall; Co. A, Corp. Joseph D.Simpson, Priv. From there, they marched to Antietam (Sharpsburg), Maryland, and were held in reserve with the rest of the 5th Corps during the battle of September 16-17, 1862. [5][6], The participation of the 20th Maine in the Battle of Fredericksburg is depicted in the 2003 feature film "Gods And Generals" (prequel movie to 1993's Gettysburg based on Michael Shaara's son Jeff Shaara's historical novel of the same name). Elfin J. Ross, Co. G, Serg. Historic Blakely State Park. A professor at Bowdoin College before his enlistment, Chamberlain lacked military training, but made up for that deficit with his intelligence. 2d To Heths surprise, waiting for him was Union Brig. Another crisis soon faced the Maine soldiers when the left side of the regiment drew even with the right, short of its planned position. The regiment lost 2 officers and 13 men killed, 6 officers and 38 men wounded . Melcher broke this momentary disruption by running down the slope screaming: Come on! The 2nd Maine men were in a state of mutiny and refused to fight, angry because the bulk of the regiment men with only two-year enlistments had been discharged and sent home, and the regiment had been disbanded. JAVASCRIPT IS DISABLED. United States. The 20th maine volunteers regiment at Gettysburg. Joshua L. Chamberlain was the regiment's lieutenant colonel. Hawkins' Division of 6,000 Black Troops. First Lieutenant, Weston H. Keene, Bremen. I am about to order a charge.). The status was found in a "It was without pride. Second Lieutenant, Mattson C. Sanborn, South Berwick. First Sergeant, Joseph Walker, Jr., Atkinson. Duty at Bell's Cross Roads till June 5. Regiment lost during service 9 Officers and 172 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 2 Officers and 257 Enlisted men by disease. Charles W. Billings; Co. Advance to: 20th Maine . The 20th Maine and the adjacent 83rd Pennsylvania together captured many men from both Alabama regiments (including Lt. Col. Michael Bulger, commander of the 47th),[4] as well as several other men of the 4th Alabama and 4th and 5th Texas regiments of the same division. return to Research and Current Projects . Company G at Gettysburg . The regiment lost 38 killed or mortally wounded and 93 wounded out of 358 engaged. Colonel Chamberlain took command of the brigade. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. ; Andrew C. Munsey, Bowdoin, and Moses G. First Lieutenant, Rufus B. Plununer, Linneus, assigned to G. Second Lieutenant, James H. Stan wood, Waldoboro. James R. Merrill, Priv. First Sergeant, James C. Rundlett, East Pittston. Chaplain, Luther P. French, East Corinth; at hospital. Spear, however, claimed he received no such orders. Sanford A. Carpenter, Portland, Oliver French, Solon. Corporal John M. Libby, wounded, lost two fingers. Army. D. Chamberlain's Company G, Twentieth Regiment Frank B. Curtis, Priv. For more information on the history of this unit, see: 20th Regiment, Maine Infantry timeline from organization to discharge. Charles M. Beadle, Corp. Willard Pinkham, Corp.Andrew D. Maybury, Priv.
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